优化Http header信息
curl -I yourdomain.com 能看到什么？ Server: Apache xxx PHP xxx XXX xxx ，明码实价，一字排开。这是干嘛，卖菜呢？
我们不妨看看 curl -I www.google.com 结果如何：
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Cache-Control: private
Location: http://sorry.google.com/sorry/?continue=http://www.google.com/
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 06:57:41 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Server: GFE/1.3
Content-Length: 259
请注意这里 Google 的前端 Web Server 是 GFE/1.3 （Google Front Edge 1.3），至于它具体对应 Apache 1.3.x 还是 Windows 1.3，我们并不知晓。这样就起到了很好的信息隐藏作用，一旦网上发现 Apache 1.3.x 或者 Windows 1.3 的最新漏洞，黑客们并不会直接联想到 GFE/1.3，自然也就不会来多作尝试了。
所以，我们应该把这些不可告人的秘密都隐藏起来，哪怕放一段文字广告（如： [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]），也比卖菜似的一一详细罗列版本要好。
参考解决方案：
1. Lighttpd 1.4.20
src/response.c:108 改为：
buffer_append_string_len(b, CONST_STR_LEN(“\r\nServer: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]”));
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 345
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 13:54:02 GMT
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
2. Nginx 0.7.30
src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c:48-49 改为：
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = “Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]” CRLF;
static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = “Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]” CRLF;
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:01:10 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 151
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:00:56 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
3. Cherokee 0.11.6
cherokee/version.c:93 添加：
ret = cherokee_buffer_add_str (buf, “[AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]”);
return ret;
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: Keep-Alive
Keep-Alive: timeout=15
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:54:39 GMT
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
ETag: 496b54af=703
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:33:19 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 1795
4. Apache 2.2.11
server/core.c:2784 添加：
ap_add_version_component(pconf, “[AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]”);
return;
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 14:28:10 GMT
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
Last-Modified: Sat, 20 Nov 2004 20:16:24 GMT
ETag: “1920edd-2c-3e9564c23b600”
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 44
Content-Type: text/html
5. Squid 3.0 STABLE 11
src/globals.cc:58 改为：
const char *const full_appname_string = “[AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]”;
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 15:25:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 1553
Expires: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 15:25:15 GMT
X-Squid-Error: ERR_INVALID_URL 0
X-Cache: MISS from ‘cache.hutuworm.org’
Via: 1.0 ‘cache.hutuworm.org’ ([AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ])
Proxy-Connection: close
6. Tomcat 6.0.18
java/org/apache/coyote/http11/Constants.java:56 和 java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/Constants.java:236 均改为：
ByteChunk.convertToBytes(“Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]” + CRLF);
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
ETag: W/”7857-1216684872000″
Last-Modified: Tue, 22 Jul 2008 00:01:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 7857
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2009 16:30:44 GMT
7. JBoss 5.0.0 GA
a. tomcat/src/resources/web.xml:40 改为
[AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
b. 下载 JBoss Web Server 2.1.1.GA srctar （http://www.jboss.org/jbossweb/downloads/jboss-web/）
java/org/apache/coyote/http11/Constants.java:56 和 java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/Constants.java:236 均改为：
ByteChunk.convertToBytes(“Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]” + CRLF);
将编译所得 jbossweb.jar 覆盖 JBoss 编译输出文件：
JBOSS_SRC/build/output/jboss-5.0.0.GA/server/all/deploy/jbossweb.sar/jbossweb.jar
JBOSS_SRC/build/output/jboss-5.0.0.GA/server/standard/deploy/jbossweb.sar/jbossweb.jar
JBOSS_SRC/build/output/jboss-5.0.0.GA/server/default/deploy/jbossweb.sar/jbossweb.jar
JBOSS_SRC/build/output/jboss-5.0.0.GA/server/web/deploy/jbossweb.sar/jbossweb.jar
输出 Header：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
X-Powered-By: [AD: DangDang http://tinyurl.com/2dangdang ][ Your AD Here ][AD: Joyo http://tinyurl.com/2amazon ]
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: W/”1581-1231842222000″
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jan 2009 10:23:42 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 1581
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2009 10:30:42 GM